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List of battlecruisers of Russia
After the end of the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, the Russian Naval General Staff decided that it needed a squadron of fast "armored cruisers"〔The ''Borodino''-class ships were formally known as armored cruisers until they were redesignated as battlecruisers ("lineinyi kreiser") by an order of 29 July 1915.〕 that could use their speed to maneuver into position to engage the head of the enemy's battle line, much as Admiral Tōgō had done during the Battle of Tsushima against the Russian fleet.〔McLaughlin 2003, p. 244〕 This concept was very different from the primary roles for the battlecruiser envisioned by the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German High Seas Fleet, which consisted of scouting for the main battle fleet and attacking enemy reconnaissance forces.〔Roberts 1997, p. 18〕 The Royal Navy came to the same conclusion and developed the fast battleships that could force battle on an enemy fleet and had enough protection to attack any type of ship.〔Burt 1986, p. 251〕 However, World War I and the Russian Civil War interrupted the construction of the Russian ''Borodino''-class ships and all were scrapped.
Twenty years later the Soviet Navy issued a requirement for a ship capable of dealing with enemy cruisers, but the design began to grow as it was modified to allow for combat with German pocket battleships on even terms, and later modified to gain parity with the s. Two ships were laid down in 1939, but development of their new guns lagged significantly behind their construction and six twin-gun turrets were ordered from Germany in 1940. The working drawings for the turrets and guns had not even been received when Operation Barbarossa began in June 1941. The incomplete hulls of both ships were ordered scrapped in 1947.〔McLaughlin 2004, pp. 99–117〕
The Navy revived its requirement for a "cruiser-killer" during the war, but the design process was quite lengthy as questions as to its armament, speed and size were debated. Joseph Stalin was the key supporter of these ships and made many of the important decisions himself, overriding the desires of the Navy. Thus, after his death in 1953, little time was wasted in cancelling the three ships that had been laid down. The hull of the most advanced ship was used as a target and the other two were scrapped on their slipways.〔McLaughlin 2006, pp. 102–23〕
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